Spratly Islands

Spratly Island
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Spratly Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 100 reefs, islets and islands in ... The Spratly Islands have no ports or harbors but have four airports. ...
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Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands. Last modified: 2006-09-23 by phil nelson ... The Philippines occupied seven of the Spratly Islands in 1978 and, after a brief ...
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Spratly Islands
GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source for reliable military news and military information, directed by John Pike ... Mischief Reef is part of the Spratly Islands. ...
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ICE Cases: Spratly Islands Dispute
Information on the conflict over the islands in the South China Sea. ... The Spratly Islands consist of 100 - 230 islets, coral reefs and sea mounts ...
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Policies, activities and history of the Philippines in Spratly Islands ...
... Philippine occupation of some Spratly islands, whether positive or negative ... The Philippine claim over the Spratly Islands began in May 1956, when Admiral ...
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Spratly Islands: Information from Answers.com
Spratly Islands Group of several dozen small islands and reefs, south-central South China Sea. ... For more information on Spratly Islands, visit Britannica.com. ...
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Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands. Equipment. Propagation. Sponsors. Individual Contributors ... All of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of ...
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CIA - The World Factbook -- Spratly Islands
Statistics and other information on the islands. ... all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of ...
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spratlys.info
... Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands ... SPRATLY ISLANDS BELONG ... The Spratly Islands (known in Vietnam as Truong Sa or Quan Dao ...
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{{Chinese|pic=Spratly Islands-CIA WFB Map.png|p=Nánshā Qúndǎo|j=nam4 saa1 kwun4 dou2|t=南沙群岛|s=南沙群島.|tgl=Kapuluan ng Kalayaan|msa=Kepulauan Spratly|qn=Quần Đảo Trường Sa|hantu=群島長沙-->The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands orreefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially bygas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by thePeople's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), andVietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and thePhilippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively smallnumbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines,Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone thatoverlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim.The Islands are located in the Southeastern Asian group of reefs andislands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way fromsouthern Vietnam to the southern Philippines. Geography and economic development seamounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 km² of thecentral South China Sea numerous reefs and shoalsThe islands contain no arable land and have no indigenousinhabitants, although twenty of the islands, including Itu Aba, thelargest, are considered to be able to sustain human life. Naturalresources include fish, guano, undetermined Petroleumand natural gas potential. Economics activity islimited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearbyPetroleum- and gas-producing sedimentary basinssuggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region islargely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potentialreserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The SpratlyIslands have no ports or harbors but has four airports. Theseislands are strategically located near several primary shipping lanes. Early History ]The first possible recorded human interaction with the Spratly Islands dates back as far as 3BC. This is based on the discovery that the people of Nanyue (southern China and northern Vietnam) and Old Champa kingdom fishermen (modern-day central Vietnam) had been visiting the Spratly Islands and other South China Sea Islands for fishing annually.

Ancient Chinese maps record the Qianli Changsha (千里長沙) and Wanli Shitang (萬里石塘), which China today claims refer to these islands. These islands were labeled as Chinese territory in maps made in 1724, 1755, 1767, 1810, 1817 by the Qing Dynasty of China. Ancient Vietnamese maps record Bãi Cát Vàng (Golden Sandbanks, as claimed today by Vietnam referring to both Paracel and Spratly Islands) which lies near the Coast of the central Vietnam as early as the 17th century. In Phủ Biên Tạp Lục (Frontier Chronicles) by the scholar Le Quy Don, Hoàng Sa and Trường Sa were defined as belonging to Quảng Ngãi District. He described it as where sea products and shipwrecked cargoes were available to be collected. Vietnamese text written in the 17th century referenced government-sponsored economic activities during the Le Dynasty, 200 years earlier. The Vietnamese government conducted several geographical surveys of the islands in the 18th century.

The islands were sporadically visited throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by mariners from different European powers (including either Richard Spratly or William Spratly, after whom the island group derives its most recognizable English language name). However, these nations showed little interest in the islands. In 1883, German boats surveyed the Spratly and Paracel Islands but withdrew the survey eventually after receiving protests from the Nguyen Dynasty.

In the 1930s, France claimed the Spratly and Paracel Islands on behalf of its then-colony Vietnam. It occupied a number of the Spratly Islands, including Itu Aba, built weather stations on two, and administered them as part of French Indochina. This occupation was protested by the Republic of China government because France admitted finding Chinese fishermen there when French war ships visited nine islands. In 1935, the Chinese government also announced sovereignty claim on the Spartly Islands. Japan occupied some of the islands in 1939 during World War II, and used the islands as a submarine base for the occupation of Southeast Asia. During the occupation, these islands were called Shinnan Shoto (新南諸島), literally the New Southern Islands, and put under the governance of Taiwan together with the Paracel Islands (西沙群岛).

Following the defeat of Japan at the end of World War II, the Republic of China government (Nationalist) re-claimed the whole Spratly Islands (including Itu Aba) and accepted the Japanese surrender on the islands based on Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Declaration. Japan renounced all claims to the islands in the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty. In the treaty with Republic of China, Japan again renounced all claims to the islands together with the Paracels, Pratas & other islands captured from China. The Nationalist withdrew from most of the Spratly and Paracel Islands after they were defeated by the forces of the opposing Communist Party of China in 1949. Today the Itu Aba Island is still administrated by the Republic of China government in Taiwan. In 1951, the People's Republic of China declared in response to Treaty of San Francisco that the Spratly Islands belonged to China. When the French left Vietnam, the naval units of the Vietnamese government took over in Truong Sa.

Political dispute ]There are multiple reasons why the neighboring nations would be interested in the Spartly Islands. In 1968 oil was discovered in the region. The Geology and Mineral Resources Ministry of the China (People's Republic of China) has estimated that the Spratly area holds oil and natural gas reserves of 17.7 billion tons (1.60 × 1010 kg), as compared to the 13 billion tons (1.17 × 1010 kg) held by Kuwait, placing it as the fourth largest reserve bed in the world. Naturally, these large reserves assisted in intensifying the situation and propelled the territorial claims of the neighboring countries. On 11 March 1976, the first major Philippine oil discovery occurred off the coast of Palawan, within the Spratly Islands territory, and these oil fields now account for fifteen percent of all petroleum consumed in the Philippines. In 1992, the PRC and Vietnam granted oil exploration contracts to U.S. oil companies that covered overlapping areas in the Spratlys. In May 1992, the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Crestone Energy (a U.S. company based in Denver, Colorado) signed a cooperation contract for the joint exploration of the Wan'an Bei-21 block, a 25,155 km² section of the southwestern South China Sea that includes Spratly Island areas. Part of the Crestone's contract covered Vietnam’s blocks 133 and 134, where PetroVietnam and ConocoPhillips Vietnam Exploration & Production, a unit of ConocoPhillips, agreed to evaluate prospects in April 1992. This led to a confrontation between China and Vietnam, with each demanding that the other cancel its contract.

An additional motive is the region's role as one of the world's most productive areas for commercial fishing. In 1988, for example, the South China Sea accounted for eight percent of the total world catch, a figure which has certainly risen. The PRC has predicted that the South China Sea holds combined fishing and oil and gas resources worth one trillion dollars. There have already been numerous clashes between the Philippines and other nations — particularly the PRC — over foreign fishing vessels in its Exclusive economic zone (Exclusive Economic Zone) and the media regularly report the arrest of Chinese fishermen. In 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island.

The region is also one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world. During the 1980s, at least two hundred and seventy ships passed through the Spratly Islands region each day, and currently more than half of the world’s supertanker traffic, by tonnage, passes through the region’s waters every year. Tanker traffic through the South China Sea is over three times greater than through the Suez Canal and five times more than through the Panama Canal; twenty five percent of the world’s crude oil passes through the South China Sea.

There have been occasional naval clashes over the Spratly Islands. In 1988, China and Vietnam clashed at sea over possession of Johnson Reef in the Spratlys. Chinese gunboats sank Vietnamese transport ships supporting a landing party of Vietnamese soldiers.

In response to growing concerns by coastal states regarding encroachments by foreign vessels on their natural resources, the United Nations convened the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982 to determine the issue of international sea boundaries. In response to these concerns, it was resolved that a coastal state could claim two hundred nautical miles of jurisdiction beyond its land boundaries. However UNCLOS failed to address the issue of how to adjudicate on overlapping claims and so the future of the islands remains clouded.

Following a 1995 dispute between China and Philippines an ASEAN-brokered agreement was reached between the PRC and ASEAN member nations whereby a nation would inform the others of any military movement within the disputed territory and that there would be no further construction. The agreement was promptly violated by China and Malaysia. Claiming storm damage, seven Chinese naval vessels entered the area to repair "fishing shelters" in Panganiban Reef. Malaysia erected a structure on Investigator Shoal and landed at Rizal Reef, both places situated within the Philippines EEZ. In response the Philippines lodged formal protests, demanded the removal of the structures, increased naval patrols in Kalayaan and issued invitations to American politicians to inspect the PRC bases by plane.

In the early 21st century, the situation is improving. China recently held talks with ASEAN countries aimed at realizing a proposal for a free trade area between the ten countries involved. China and ASEAN also have been engaged in talks to create a code of conduct aimed at easing tensions in the disputed islands. On 5 March 2002, an agreement was reached, setting forth the desire of the claimant nations to resolve the problem of sovereignty "without further use of force". In November 2002, a Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea was signed, easing tensions but falling short of a legally-binding code of conduct.

China claims on the Spratly Islands People's Republic of China bases its claim to the islands on historical grounds. They state that the Spratly Islands have been an integral part of China for nearly two thousand years and point to ancient manuscripts claiming to refer to the Spratly Islands and remains of Chinese art pottery and coins on the islands as proof. Chinese fishermen were also found on these islands by the French when it made its claims in the 1930s. Using this argument, the PRC states that the Philippines have taken 410,000 square kilometers of its traditional maritime boundary, having taken advantage of the PRC's poor condition during its exile from international affairs.

Many official records and maps dating back to Han Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Republic of China did include the Spratly Islands in Chinese territory. (See the Chinese version of this page for document details and dates). However, these same maps also claim the northern Philippine archipelago, Palawan, Vietnam, Korea, Malaysia among others. In addition, China claimed these areas more as protectorates rather than as a true part of China since they still had their own kingdoms and governments.

In reality, the contemporary legal claim originated from (1) the de facto administration of these islands by China as part of post World War II arrangement based on various treaties of the Allies of World War II; and (2) the succession of Republic of China by the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Philippine claims on the Spratly Islands While the Philippine claim to the Spratly Islands was first expressedin the United Nations General Assembly in 1946, Philippineinvolvement in the Spratlys did not begin in earnest until 1956,when on 15 May Philippine citizen and admiral Tomas Clomaproclaimed the founding of a new state, Kalayaan (Freedom Land).Cloma’s Kalayaan encompassed fifty three features spread throughout theeastern South China Sea, including Spratly Island proper, Itu Aba,Pag-asa and Nam Yit Islands, as well as West York Island, NorthDanger Reef, Mariveles Reef and Investigator Shoal. Cloma thenestablished a protectorate in July 1956 with Pag-asa as its capital andCloma as “Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Kalayaan State”. Thisaction, although not officially endorsed by the Philippine government,was considered by other claimant nations as an act of aggression by thePhilippines and international reaction was swift. Taiwan, the PRC,South Vietnam, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlandslodged official protests (the Netherlands on the premise that itconsidered the Spratly Islands part of Dutch New Guinea) and Taiwansent a naval task force to occupy the islands and establish a base onItu Aba, which it retains to the present day.Tomas Cloma and the Philippines continued to state their claims overthe islands; in October 1956 Cloma traveled to New York to pleadhis case before the United Nations and the Philippines had troopsposted on three islands by 1968 on the premise of protecting Kalayaancitizens. In early 1971 the Philippines sent a diplomatic note onbehalf of Cloma to Taipei demanding the ROC's withdrawal from Itu Abaand on 10 July in the same year Ferdinand Marcos announced theannexation of the 53 island group known as Kalayaan, although sinceneither Cloma or Marcos specified which fifty three featuresconstituted Kalayaan, the Philippines began to claim as many featuresas possible. In April of 1972 Kalayaan was officially incorporated intoPalawan province and was administered as a single “poblacion”(township), with Tomas Cloma as the town council Chairman and by 1992,there were twelve registered voters on Kalayaan. The Philippines alsoreportedly attempted to land troops on Itu Aba in 1977 to occupy theisland but were repelled by ROC troops stationed on the island. Therewere no reports of casualties from the conflict. In 2005, acellular phone base station was erected by the Philippines' SmartCommunications on Pag-asa Island.The Philippines base their claims of sovereignty over the Spratlys onthe issues of [res nullius and geography. The Philippinescontend Kalayaan was res nullius as there was no effectivesovereignty over the islands until the 1930s when France and thenJapan acquired the islands. When Japan renounced their sovereignty overthe islands in the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, there was arelinquishment of the right to the islands without any specialbeneficiary. Therefore, argue the Philippines, the islands became resnullius and available for annexation. Philippine businessman TomasCloma did exactly that in 1956 and while the Philippines neverofficially supported Cloma’s claim, upon transference of the islands’sovereignty from Cloma to the Philippines, the Philippines used thesame sovereignty argument as Cloma did. The Philippine claim toKalayaan on geographical bases can be summarized using the assertionthat Kalayaan is distinct from other island groups in the South ChinaSea because:It is a generally accepted practice in oceanographyto refer to a chain of islands through the name of the biggest islandin the group or through the use of a collective name. Note that Spratly(island) has an area of only 13 hectares compared to the 22 hectarearea of the Pag-asa Island. Distance-wise, Spratly Island is some 210 nmoff Pag-asa Islands. This further stresses the argument that they arenot part of the same island chain. The Paracels being much further(34.5 nm northwest of Pag-asa Island) is definitely a different group ofislandsA second argument used by the Philippines regarding their geographicalclaim over the Spratlys is that all the islands claimed by thePhilippines lie within their archipelagic baselines, the only claimantwho can make such a statement. The 1982 United Nations Convention onthe Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) stated that a coastal state could claim twohundred nautical miles of jurisdiction beyond its land boundaries. Itis perhaps telling that while the Philippines is a signatory to UNCLOS,the PRC and Vietnam are not. The Philippines also argue, underAdmiralty law provisions, that the PRC can notextend its baseline claims to the Spratlys because the PRC is not anarchipelagic state. Whether this argument (or any other used by thePhilippines) would hold up in court is debatable but possibly moot, asthe PRC and Vietnam seem unwilling to legally substantiate their claimsand have rejected Philippine challenges to take the dispute to theWorld Maritime Tribunal in Hamburg. Vietnam claims on the Spratly Islands Vietnam also claims the island on historical grounds. AncientVietnamese geographical maps record Bãi Cát Vàng (Golden Sandbanks,referring to Spratly Islands) as Vietnamese territory as early as the17th century. In Phủ Biên Tập Lục by the scholar Lê Quý Đôn, HoàngSa (Paracel Islands), and Trường Sa (Spratly Islands) were definedas belonging to Quảng Ngãi District. In Đại Nam Nhất Thống Toàn Đồ(Dai Nam Unified Map), an atlas of Vietnam completed in 1838, Trường Sawas shown to be Vietnam's territory. Vietnam had conducted manygeographical and resource surveys of the islands. The results of thesesurveys have been recorded in Vietnamese literature and historypublished since the 17th century. After the treaty signed with theNguyen Dynasty, France represented Vietnam in international affairsand had exercised sovereignty over the islands.On 7 July 1951, Tran Van Huu, head of the Bao Dai Government'sdelegation to the San Francisco Conference on the peace treaty withJapan declared that the archipelago's of Hoang Sa and Truong Sa hadbeen part of Vietnamese territory. This declaration met with nochallenge from the 51 representatives at the conference. It should benoted, however, that neither P.R.China or R.O.China were present at theconference. After the French left, the Vietnam government hadexercised sovereignty over the islands.Vietnam currently occupies 31 islands. They are organized as a districtof Khanh Hoa Province. At the 12th National Assembly Election heldearly in Trường Sa, the people and solders also voted for their localdistrict government for the first time. For the first time, Trường Sais organized like a normal inland district, with a townlet (thị trấnTrường Sa) and two commnunes (xã Sinh Tồn, xã Song Tử Tây). Forty ninepeople were elected to the communes' people's councils. Tabular listing of features showing country possessions {| class="wikitable"|+Occupied Features!colspan="4"|Philippines|-|Int'l Name|Local Names|Description|Area (ha.)|-|rowspan="3"|Flat Island|Patag (P) lit. flat]. A low, flat, sandy cay, 240 by 90 m, subject to erosion. Has a nearby reef which is above water at high tide. With large guano deposits. No vegetation. Several soldiers stationed.|rowspan="3"|0.57|-|费信岛 Feixin Dao (C)|-|Đảo Bình Nguyên (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Lankiam Cay|rowspan="3"|Located 8 miles northeast of Kota Island (Lankiam Cay). A few years ago this island has a surface area of more than 5 hectares but strong waves brought by a strong typhoon washed out the sandy surface (beach) of the island leaving behind today the calcarenite foundation that can be seen at low tide. Several soldiers stationed.|rowspan="3"|0.44|-|杨信沙洲 Yangxin Shazhou (C)|-|Cồn San Hô Lan Can (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Loaita Island|Kota (P)|rowspan="3"|Located 22 miles southeast of Pag-asa ([Thitu Island). It fringes the Laoita bank and reef. Its calcarenite outcrop is visible along its western side at low tide. The present shape of the island indicates sand buildup along its eastern side. The anchor-shaped side will eventually connect with the northern portion as the sand buildup continues thereby creating another mini-lagoon in the process. The presence of migrating sea birds adds to the high phosphorus contents of the sand found in the island. Occasionally, giant sea turtles are reported to be laying their eggs in the island. Covered with mangrove bushes, above which rose coconut palms and other small trees. Several soldiers stationed. Occupied since 1968.]). This island is a bird sanctuary. Its surroundings are highly phosphatized that superphosphate materials can be mined out on a small-scale basis. Near the fringes of the breakwaters (approx. 2 miles from the island), intact hard coral reefs were observed to retain their natural environment and beautiful tropical fishes were seen colonizing these coral beds of varying colors. Covered with coconut trees, bushes and grass. 580 m long, on the edge of a submerged reef. Several soldiers stationed. Has a small airstrip.|rowspan="3"|7.93|-|马欢岛 Mahuan Dao (C)|-|Đảo Vĩnh Viễn (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Northeast Cay|Parola (P) lit. lighthouse]). Some of its outcrops are visible on its western side. It has high salinity groundwater and vegetation limited to beach type of plants. The corals around the island were mostly destroyed by rampant use of dynamite fishing and cyanide method employed by foreign fishing boats in the past. Covered with grass and thick trees. Much of the ringing reef is above water at high tide. Supported a beacon in 1984. Has Guano deposits. Several soldiers stationed. Has an airstrip. Shira Islet lies 320 m from the south of Northeast Cay. Occupied since 1968.Part of North Danger Reef.|rowspan="3"|12.7|-|北子岛 Beizi Dao (C)|-|Đảo Song Tử Đông (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Thitu Island|rowspan="3"|The second largest Spratly island. Serves as the [poblacion for the Municipality of Kalayaan, Palawan. It is covered with trees and has a variety of fauna. It is home to some 300+ civilians (including children) and over forty soldiers. Other islands are expected to be populated before 2010. Population is regulated to protect the islands' flora and fauna and to avoid tension with other countries. It has 1.4 km airstrip, a marina, water filtering plant, power generator and a commercial communications tower (by Smart Telecom). The Philippines' Department of Tourism is making improvements to the island to make it profitable. Occupied since 1968.|rowspan="3"|37.2|-|中业岛 Zhongye Dao (C)|-|Đảo Thị Tứ (V)|-|rowspan="3"|West York Island|rowspan="3"|The third largest Spratly island. This island is located 47 miles northeast of Pag-asa ([Thitu Island). Outcrops are visible on the southern and eastern portion of the island during low tides. This island is considered a sanctuary for giant sea turtles that lay their eggs on the island all year round. The high salinity of the ground water in the island retards the growth of introduced trees like coconuts, ipil-ipil, and other types. Only those endemic to the area that are mostly beach type of plants thrive and survive the hot and humid condition especially during the dry season. Has an observation post. Several soldiers stationed.

]|rowspan="4"|A sand "cay", 0.5 m high, surrounded by two lagoons. Parts of reef above water at high tide. It is a typical reef lying underwater and is now being manned by a military contingent based and established in the area. Some structures. Several soldiers stationed. Occupied since 1978.|rowspan="4"|0|-|司令礁 Siling Jiao (C)|-|Đá Công Đo (V)|-|Terumbu Laksamana (M)|-|rowspan="3"|Irving Reef|Balagtas (P) after Francisco Balagtas|Ligaw (P) lit. [courtship or lost] Tomas Cloma claimed the islands. Part of Tizard Banks.|rowspan="3"|46|-|太平岛 Taiping Dao (C)|-|Đảo Ba Bình (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Ban Than Jiao|Ban Than Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Small drying reef halfway between Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba and Vietnam-occupied Sand Cay. Has a structure and is garrisoned by some soldiers. Occupied since 1995. Part of Tizard Banks.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Bãi Bàn Than (V)|-|Total||1 island, 1 reef|46|-!colspan="4"|Vietnam|-|Int'l Name|Local Names|Description|Area (ha.)|-|rowspan="4"|Amboyna Cay|Kalantiaw (P) after Kalantiaw|rowspan="4"|Two parts: East part consists of sand and coral, west part is covered with guano. Has fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7 m high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation. Lighthouse operational since May 1995. Heavily fortified.|rowspan="4"|1.6|-|安波沙洲 Anbo Shazhou (C)|-|Đảo An Bang (V)|-|Pulau Amboyna Kecil (M)|-|rowspan="3"|Namyit Island|rowspan="3"|Covered with trees and bushes. Fringing reef partly above water at low tide. Occupied since 1974. Part of Tizard Banks.|rowspan="3"|7|-|敦谦沙洲 Dunqian Shazhou (C)|-|Đảo /Đá Sơn Ca (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Sin Cowe Island|Rurok (P) lit. peak|rowspan="3"|Has fringing reef which is above water at low tide. Occupied since 1974. Part of Union Banks.|rowspan="3"|??|-|景宏岛 Jinghong Dao (C)|-|Đảo Sinh Tồn (V)|-|Sin Cowe East Island|Đảo Sinh Tồn Đông (V)|Description is probably the same with Sin Cowe Island since different sources refer to these two cays collectively. Part of Union Banks.|??|-|rowspan="3"|Southwest Cay|Pugad (P) lit. [nest]'s Magandang Gabi Bayan (Good Evening Nation) program. Part of North Danger Reef.|rowspan="3"|??|-|南子岛 Nanzi Dao (C)|-|Đảo Song Tử Tây (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Spratly Island (proper)|Lagos (P) lit. passage]|rowspan="3"|Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a lagoon. Occupied since 1988. Part of London Reefs.|rowspan="3"|0|-|东礁 Dong Jiao (C)|-|Đá Đông (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Grainger Bank|李准滩 Lizhun Tan (C)|rowspan="2"|Shallowest natural depth is either 9 m or 11 m. Occupied since 1989.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Bãi Quế Đường (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Higgens Reef|屈原礁 Quyuan Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Only above water at low tide. Part of Union Banks.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Hi Ghen, Đá Hi Gen (V)|-|Johnson North Reef||See Collins Reef|0|-|rowspan="2"|Ladd Reef|日积礁 Riji Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Naturally above water at low tide. Has coral lagoon. Occupied since 1988.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Lát (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Lan(d)sdowne Reef|琼礁 Qiong Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Sand dune, with fringing reef. Part of Union Banks.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Len Đao (V)|-|rowspan="3"|Pearson Reef|Hizon (P)|rowspan="3"|Two sand "cays", 2 m and 1 m high, lie on the edges of a lagoon. Parts of the surrounding reef are above water at high tide. Occupied since 1988.|rowspan="3"|0|-|毕生礁 Bisheng Jiao (C)|-|Đảo Phan Vinh (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Petley Reef|舶兰礁 Bolan Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Naturally above water only at low tide, some small rocks might stand above high water. Occupied since 1988. Part of Tizard Banks.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Núi Thị (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Pigeon Reef/ Tennent Reef|无乜礁 Wumie Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|Numerous rocks are naturally above the high tide line. Encloses a lagoon. Occupied since 1988.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Tiên Nữ (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Prince Consort Bank|西卫滩 Xiwei Tan (C)|rowspan="2"|Shallowest natural depth is 9 m. Occupied since 1989.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Bãi Phúc Nguyên (V)|-|rowspan="2"|Rifleman Bank (containing Bombay Castle)|南薇滩 Nanwei Tan (C)|rowspan="2"|Shallowest natural depth is 3 m, called Bombay Castle. Sand and coral. Occupied since 1989.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Bãi Vũng Mây (V)|-|rowspan="2"|South Reef|奈罗礁 Nailuo Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|A tiny cay appears atop this reef on the most detailed map available. On the southwest end of North Danger Reef. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. Occupied since 1988. Part of North Danger Reef.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Nam (V)|-|Tennent Reef||See Pigeon Reef|0|-|rowspan="2"|Vanguard Bank|万安滩 Wan'an Tan (C)|rowspan="2"|Shallowest natural depth is 16 m. Vietnam has run two "economic technological service stations" in this area since July 1994. Occupied since 1989.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Bãi Tư Chính (V)|-|rowspan="2"|West London Reef|西礁 Xi Jiao (C)|rowspan="2"|East part is sand "cay", 0.6 m high. West part is coral reef which is above water only at low tide. Between them is a lagoon. Vietnam erected a lighthouse here in May or June 1994. Part of London Reefs.|rowspan="2"|0|-|Đá Tây (V)|-|'Total||7 islands, 16 reefs, 3 banks|, from Vietnam Ministry ofForeign Affairs {{PDFlink|[http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/docs/Li%20and%20Li-The%20Dotted%20Line%20on%20the%20Map.pdfThe Dotted Line on the Chinese Map of the South China Sea: ANote--> Dispute] coordinate points of reefs] References



Spratly Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 100 reefs, islets and islands occupying in total less than five square kilometres and spread over more than 400,000 square kilometres ...

Spratly Islands
Disputed group of small islands, coral reefs, and sandbars dispersed over a distance of 965 km/600 mi in the South China Sea

Spratly Islands road map - Multimap
Spratly Islands road map - Multimap ... Road map of Spratly Islands. This Road map of Spratly Islands is provided by Multimap.

Category:Spratly Islands - Wikimedia Commons
Media in category "Spratly Islands" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total.

Spratly Islands definition of Spratly Islands in the Free Online ...
Encyclopedia article about Spratly Islands. Information about Spratly Islands in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary. spratly island

Spratly Islands
GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source for reliable military news and military information, directed by John Pike

Spratly Islands - What does PG stand for? Acronyms and abbreviations ...
What does PG stand for? Definition of Spratly Islands in the list of acronyms and abbreviations provided by the Free Online Dictionary and Thesaurus.

Spratly Islands travel guide - Wikitravel
Open source travel guide to Spratly Islands, featuring up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, nightlife, travel tips and more. Free and reliable advice ...

Spratly Islands
Flags of various secessionist groups claiming rights over the Spratly Islands and opposing their occupation by China, Taiwan, Indonesia and Vietnam.

Spratly Islands - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Spratly ...
Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Spratly Islands. Spratly Islands. Information about Spratly Islands in the Hutchinson encyclopedia. spratly island





 
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